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Review on the Role Soybean on Animal Feed and Human Nutrition in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
25-31
Received:
29 June 2021
Accepted:
22 July 2021
Published:
11 August 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20210403.11
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Abstract: Soybean is the global miracle legume crop in the world regarding improving human nutrition and ration formulation in the animal feed industries. The crop has an excellent nutrient composition with balanced amino acid profile. Soybean has an indispensible role in the journey of nutrition security. This review is focusing on the role soybean and its products to formulate animal feeds and human nutrition. This paper compiled with a critical review of different published journals, books, and reports which are in line with the animal feeds and human nutrition. Although Ethiopia is the leading country in Africa in livestock population, the performance of the livestock sub-sector is still below the existing potential and the country is not benefited as well from this sector. The biggest challenge here is that shortage of feed both in quantity and quality. Soybean is the primary alternative legume crop to formulate animal feeds due to its high-quality protein and good nutrient composition in the appropriate proportion. Soybean meal has commonly used in the feed industries due to its high crude protein and oil in the need of animal diets. Soybean has a paramount role to improve human nutrition. Soy foods are the cheap source of proteins particularly for the poor sections of the community and substitutes animal source proteins. Soy-based foods contain all eight essential amino acids in the need of human diets. The large proportion of Ethiopian population is Orthodox Christian followers and cannot eat animal source proteins during fasting for about 200-250 days and consumption of soy foods highly recommended to reduce the problem of protein malnutrition during these days. It can serve as an excellent bridge for vitamin “A” absorption. Many epidemiological studies suggested that consumption of soy-based foods significantly reduce the risk of heart diseases, breast and prostate cancer, hypertension; regulate the glucose levels of diabetes, cardiovascular and other human diseases. Different important minerals and vitamins also can obtain through consumption soy-based foods. The demand of soybean and its byproducts increasing rapidly overtime due to its great contribution regarding reduce protein malnutrition.
Abstract: Soybean is the global miracle legume crop in the world regarding improving human nutrition and ration formulation in the animal feed industries. The crop has an excellent nutrient composition with balanced amino acid profile. Soybean has an indispensible role in the journey of nutrition security. This review is focusing on the role soybean and its ...
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Review on Population Status and Conservation Activity of Indigenous Cattle Breeds of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
32-39
Received:
17 July 2021
Accepted:
5 August 2021
Published:
18 August 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20210403.12
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Abstract: Ethiopia has the home to at least 27 cattle breeds and an estimated 59.5 million head of cattle due to its diversified agroecology and topography and directly serves as for millions of people. Indigenous cattle breed has many important traits compared with exotic cattle breeds. Bos indicus breeds can effectively regulate their body temperature against thermal stress and are better adapted to hot weather than Bos taurus breeds. In addition, several breeds of Zebu and Zenga are able to withstand very harsh environmental conditions, and those characteristics have arisen through evolutionary adaptation. For examples, Begait cattle (Large East African Zebu) found in North-Western Ethiopia are well adapted to very dry climates and they can survive if they are able to drink only once every two days. However, despite the potential of the indigenous livestock currently, the genetic resources are becoming seriously endangered due to high genetic erosion resulting from biotic and abiotic factors. The objective of this review was to highlight threats, conservation methods and improvement activities currently done for indigenous cattle genetic resources in Ethiopia. Based on the review, among the world 1458 breeds all domestic mammalian and avian species, 17% are classified as being at risk and 58% are classified as unknown risk status. The major threats of livestock genetic resources are genetic dilution through the use of exotic germ plasma, feed shortage, illegal trafficking, inbreeding and interbreeding, and trypanosomiasis disease. This situation demands immediate action to save deteriorating genetic resources in the country. Some of endangered indigenous cattle breeds were conserved in ex-situ method at different state ranches, the Borana cattle breed as Did Tuyura Ranch, Horro cattle breed at Horro Ranch, Fogera cattle breed at Metekel Ranch and Andassa Agricultural Research Centre, and Menz sheep breed at Amed Guya Research Centre but, the results were not enough. Therefore, phenotypic and genotypic categorization of breeds will be further characterized, monitor the current population statistics, conservation of breeds under natural niche, and improvement programs will be implemented for all breeds and also improve the productivity of grazing land.
Abstract: Ethiopia has the home to at least 27 cattle breeds and an estimated 59.5 million head of cattle due to its diversified agroecology and topography and directly serves as for millions of people. Indigenous cattle breed has many important traits compared with exotic cattle breeds. Bos indicus breeds can effectively regulate their body temperature agai...
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Impact of Moisture Stress on Coffee Blotch Miner, Leucoptera caffeina (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) Incidence and Severity at Jimma
Tamiru Shimales,
Desalegn Alemayehu,
Minda Taddesse
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
40-44
Received:
12 July 2021
Accepted:
26 July 2021
Published:
23 August 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20210403.13
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Abstract: Sustainable agriculture relies on environmentally safe pest management methods such as proper irrigation that has impact on pest suppression. However, we lack information on the impact of moisture stress on coffee insect pest under Ethiopian condition. Thus, two irrigation level were evaluated on five Limmu coffee genotypes under rain shelter condition in 2016/2017. The trial was arranged in a factorial experiment in completely randomized block design with three replicates. Eight month old seedlings were grown on potted nursery media and subjected to either water deficit stress or well watered condition. The well watered treatments were irrigated at four days interval, while for moisture stressed irrigation was withhold for a month. Coffee blotch miner incidence and severity with relative to stress level were recorded. Coffee plants were less affected by coffee blotch miner under well watered than stressed ones. Irrigation reduces more than twice the incidence and severity of this pest. Cultural management that conserves soil moisture status, such as application of irrigation reduces pest damage to crop. This cultural pest management best fits integrated pest management which usually recommended for coffee producers in dry areas and during prolonged drought. Furthermore, studies are recommended on soil moisture conservation methods such as irrigation, cover crop and mulch with relation to coffee pests’ dynamics.
Abstract: Sustainable agriculture relies on environmentally safe pest management methods such as proper irrigation that has impact on pest suppression. However, we lack information on the impact of moisture stress on coffee insect pest under Ethiopian condition. Thus, two irrigation level were evaluated on five Limmu coffee genotypes under rain shelter condi...
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Awareness of Rabies in Kafin-Hausa Local Government Area of Jigawa State
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
45-49
Received:
12 April 2021
Accepted:
17 May 2021
Published:
27 August 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20210403.14
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Abstract: Rabies has one of the highest case-fatality ratios of any infectious disease, almost always fatal, caused by lyssavirus infection. It is associated with dysfunction of the neurons after the entrance of rabies virus to the central nervous system, usually in the spinal cord. The bite route is still regarded as the most important means of transmission. Although wild animals are regarded as a host for rabies, dogs and cats remain the most important sources of human exposure. The disease is worldwide in distribution except in Antarctica. The most affected regions are tropical countries in Africa, Asia and South America, which have limited resources for diagnosis, treatment, control surveillance and vaccine production and improvement. Controlling rabies is challenging, due to wide host range and worldwide distribution, availability of many free roaming/stray dogs and lack of awareness about the disease. Diagnosis of the rabies is one of the most difficult duties because of non-specific clinical symptoms, long incubation period and limited diagnostic techniques. Vaccines are expensive and consequently, out of the reach for many people. Apart from high cost and unavailability, they are associated with serious neurologic complications. The economic costs of rabies in Nigeria are associated with vaccinations, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and public education.
Abstract: Rabies has one of the highest case-fatality ratios of any infectious disease, almost always fatal, caused by lyssavirus infection. It is associated with dysfunction of the neurons after the entrance of rabies virus to the central nervous system, usually in the spinal cord. The bite route is still regarded as the most important means of transmission...
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