Human-Wildlife Conflicts: The Case of Chitwan National Park and Buffer Zone People in Nepal
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
65-71
Received:
24 August 2020
Accepted:
7 September 2020
Published:
11 December 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20200304.11
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Abstract: Human-wildlife conflicts are common phenomenon throughout the world which have become significant problems. Human-wildlife conflicts bring many socio-economic and ecological consequences in buffer zone area of the protected area. This study is based on mixed research design combination of both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Household survey, focus group discussions are used for primary data collection. After collecting data, the data are tabulated with coding and tables are constructed with percentage figures and qualitative data are analyzed inductively using descriptions through words and phrases. There are different major sources of conflicts in the people of buffer zone and the Chitwan National Park. The major conflicts are illegal extraction of park resources such as collection of firewood, fodder and timber, livestock grazing, crop raids by wild animals and loss of human life and property. The Mitigative measures used in the study areas for wildlife damage control are repellents, physical constructions and guarding. Different community development programs have influenced buffer zone people’s attitude towards the park. Conservation education and with adequate compensation against damages and regular monitoring of wild animals help to reduce human-wildlife conflicts.
Abstract: Human-wildlife conflicts are common phenomenon throughout the world which have become significant problems. Human-wildlife conflicts bring many socio-economic and ecological consequences in buffer zone area of the protected area. This study is based on mixed research design combination of both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Househol...
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Performance of Goats Fed on Graded Levels of Syringa (Melia Azedarach) Based Pellets Fattening Diets
Passmore Temba Mudhanganyi,
Irvine Denis Tapera Mpofu,
James Madzimure
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
72-77
Received:
12 October 2020
Accepted:
28 October 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20200304.12
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Abstract: Melia azedarach, commonly known as Syringa is a potential forage tree that has a relatively high crude protein and mostly used in feeding ruminant animals. Twelve Small East African goats were used in this experiment in a completely randomised design. Each goat was randomly allotted to four different treatments. This was done to evaluate the effects of graded levels of Melia azedarach-based pellets on feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and nematode egg count per gram during feeding for 56 days at Chinhoyi University of Technology farm. Feed formulation was done using I. D. T Try and Error Iteration software. Air dried Syringa leaves were used to produce four iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic treatment diets with 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% M. azedarach in pellet form. Each treatment had 3 goats and each goat was a replicate. Increase in the inclusion level of had a negative effect on feed intake (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio and average daily weight gain had no significant differences across all treatments. Increase in M. azedarach reduced egg count per gram of nematodes. At 15% the nematode egg count per gram decreases significantly when compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Egg count per gram was highest in 0% M. azedarach diet showing the inability of soya-based pellets to act as anthelmentic in goats. The present study indicates the beneficial anthelmentic action of the leaves of the M. azedarach tree on gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. This makes M. azedarach a candidate for the natural control of nematodiasis.
Abstract: Melia azedarach, commonly known as Syringa is a potential forage tree that has a relatively high crude protein and mostly used in feeding ruminant animals. Twelve Small East African goats were used in this experiment in a completely randomised design. Each goat was randomly allotted to four different treatments. This was done to evaluate the effect...
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Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Two Cytospecies of Adult Host-Seeking Black Fly (Simulium damnosum) in Delta State, Nigeria
Joseph Oghenebukome Onojafe,
Andy Ogochukwu Egwunyenga,
Jacob Edijana Ighere
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
78-83
Received:
8 August 2020
Accepted:
24 August 2020
Published:
18 January 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20200304.13
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Abstract: The black fly (Simulium damnosum) is the vector of onchocerciasis which is currently regarded as one of the neglected tropical diseases in Nigeria. Current global climate changes are being said to influence the distribution and the rate of spread of this disease vector. This research was conducted to identify the current habitat distribution of two cytospecies of the adult Simulium fly in Delta State, Nigeria. Adult black flies were caught using human attractants each day at the peak biting periods of morning and dusk once weekly; over a period of one year from three local government areas in Delta state. The trapped species were described and classified in situ using standard morphological keys and the collected data were analyzed statistically to reflect the annual population dynamics and seasonal species distributions. A marked disparity in the spatio-temporal distribution of the caught Simulium was noticed in the different locations. Two species: the forest dwelling species (FDS) and savannah dwelling species (SDS) were identified. The FDS were more abundant than the SDS in the three studied locations: Aganiki Camp, Oshimili North LGA (Mean 59.8: 12.3; ±47.5), Ugbodu, Aniocha North LGA (Mean 45.1: 10.7; ±34.4) and Umute, Aniocha South LGA (Mean 27: 7.9; ±19.1). Aganiki Camp has the highest number of the flies (total=867; monthly Mean=72) followed by Ugbodu (total=669; with monthly Mean=55.8) and the least Umute (total=424; with a monthly Mean of 35). The species distribution was significant F=4.844, (P<0.05). The average monthly population was 163; the distribution peaked in August (242) and ebbed in March (110). Overall, the FDS (Mean=132.3) were more abundant than the SDS (Mean=30.9); with a range value of ±101.4. It is critical that two cytospecies of the Simulium fly: FDS and SDS exist in the study area with significant presence all the year round. This will predictably make the transmission occurrence and intensity of the disease an annual event and therefore has the implications for a strengthened all the year round preventive measures and sustainable intervention approaches.
Abstract: The black fly (Simulium damnosum) is the vector of onchocerciasis which is currently regarded as one of the neglected tropical diseases in Nigeria. Current global climate changes are being said to influence the distribution and the rate of spread of this disease vector. This research was conducted to identify the current habitat distribution of two...
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