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Coronaviruses Pandemic: Rescue and Release of the Confiscated Critically Endangered Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) Continue in Nepal
Tulshi Laxmi Suwal,
Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
35-39
Received:
17 June 2020
Accepted:
9 July 2020
Published:
23 July 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.11
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Abstract: Covid-19 pandemic lockdown started from 24 March 2020 in Nepal. The coronavirus found in pangolins and bats are said to be mostly resembling to Covid-19. However, conservation stakeholders and local community were involved in rescue and release of the confiscated Chinese pangolin during this pandemic. Information was collated through personal communication, self-involvement and media reports to assess the background of rescued and released pangolins, precautionary and impact of handling under this situation. Altogether, six Chinese pangolins were rescued from Province 1 (n=2), Province 3 (n=3) and Province 4 (n=1) in the month of May and June. Five individuals were confiscated from the area in the vicinity of homes whereas one was rescued from corn farm in Nepal-India border. Within 15-48 hours, the rescued pangolins were released back into the community forests. All rescued individuals were adult, male, estimated weighing of 3-5kg and 80-90cm in length. 84 persons including forest office staffs (15.5%), security personnel (22.6%), journalists (6.0%), members of community forest user groups (26.2%) and local community (29.8%) were involved in rescuing, transforming and releasing. However, 22 persons (26.2%) handled the pangolins properly and taking safety precautions such as wore masks, gloves and washed their hands before and after handling. Others 62 person (73.8%) who were involved in rescue and release without taking safety precautions also did not show any symptoms of Covid-19, in 14 days and more after their contact with pangolins. Most of the participants (95.2%) were still positive towards pangolins conservation in post-Covid and accepted that the precautionary measures were required to protect from zoonotic diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the level of awareness amongst local community, CFUG members, security personnels and forest office staffs on zoonotic disease, their transmission and impact for the protection of animal and people.
Abstract: Covid-19 pandemic lockdown started from 24 March 2020 in Nepal. The coronavirus found in pangolins and bats are said to be mostly resembling to Covid-19. However, conservation stakeholders and local community were involved in rescue and release of the confiscated Chinese pangolin during this pandemic. Information was collated through personal commu...
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Review on the Role of Viral Structural Proteins on the Pathogenecity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens
Takale Worku,
Ibsa Teshome
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
40-46
Received:
22 January 2020
Accepted:
23 June 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12
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Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus has a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome consisting of six genes (3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′). The six viral structural proteins play crucial role for the pathoginecity of the Newcastle diseases virus. Fusion protein cleaved by host protease enzyme from the precursor F0 glycoprotein to active F1 and F2 which are responsible for cell fusion and allow the entry of the virus to the host cell. Fusion protein has long been recognized as the primary determinant of virulence for NDV. Haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein has both haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities which are responsible for attachment of virus to the host cell receptors and receptor destroying activity. M protein is thought to regulate the balance between viral replication and transcription and inhibit host protein synthesis that result Newcastle disease virus pathogenicity. The viral replication complex which comprises nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P) and large polymerase protein (L) enhance viral replication that increase viral virulence. These proteins in combination play key roles in the pathogenicity of NDV. The objective of this seminar is to review the importance of Viral structural proteins on pathegenicity of Newcastle disease virus in chickens. A number of techniques have been used to assessing and quantify the pathologenicity of ND viruses in vivo, such as the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) and the mean death time in eggs (MDT). Determining the molecular basis for pathogenicity and virulence is an important step in both diagnostics and research and helps to identify strains that are likely to cause severe disease and to control NDV which cause severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Farther investigation which provide a more complete understanding about the molecular basis or viral proteins that responsible for pathogencity of NDV and more effective preventive approach for the disease is recommended for the feature.
Abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus has a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome consisting of six genes (3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′). The six viral structural proteins play crucial role for the pathoginecity of the Newcastle diseases virus. Fusion protein cleaved by host protease enzyme from the precu...
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Body Weight Gain and Testicular Growth of Horro Rams Supplemented Concentrate with Lablab purpureus Fed Grass Hay
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
47-52
Received:
9 May 2020
Accepted:
29 May 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.13
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Abstract: The study was conducted at Ambo University using twenty five Horro sheep with initial body weight of 16.84±0.23kg (mean±SD). The objectives of the experiment was to evaluate Body weight gain and testicular growth of horro rams supplemented concentrate with Lablab purpureus fed grass hay. The experimental sheep were blocked into five blocks of five animals based on their initial body weight and randomly assigned to one of the five treatment diets within a block. The treatments were grass hay fed ad libitum to all treatments plus 100% CM/day (T1, control supplemented), 75%CM: 25%LP/day (T2), 50%CM: 50%LP/day (T3), 25%CM: 75%LP/day (T4), 100%LP/day (T5). The experiment consisted of 90 days feeding trials after quarantine and adaptation period to the environment and experimental feed. Feed offered and refused were recorded throughout the respective study period; while body weight change was recorded at 7 days interval. The CP contents of NSC, LP, WB, MG and GH were 31.1, 21, 18.7, 8.2 and 7.4%, respectively. Organic matter ranged from 87.8% (GH) to 98.1% (MG). The mean intake of basal DM in T5 (523.4±3.13 g/d) was greater (p<0.001) than in T1, T2, T3 and T4 by 86.2, 63.2, 49 and 24.6%respectively. The supplemented animals had higher (p<0.001) total DM intake (860.2-923.4g/d; SEM±3.07) than the control supplemented (837.2±3.07g/d) and the higher (p<0.001) total CP intake of 117.58, 118.79, 120.75 and 122.73 g/d (SE±0.23) for T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively were recorded than T1 (115.7±0.23 g/d). LP Supplementation improved (P<0.001) final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain (ADG). Lambs fed T5 diet displayed higher (P<0.001) FBW (22.52±0.074kg) and ADG (63.5±0.76g/d) as compared to T1 (20.78±0.07kg) and (41.76±0.76/d) for FBW and ADG, respectively. LP Supplementation significantly increased (P<0.001) scrotal circumference and testicular traits than T1.
Abstract: The study was conducted at Ambo University using twenty five Horro sheep with initial body weight of 16.84±0.23kg (mean±SD). The objectives of the experiment was to evaluate Body weight gain and testicular growth of horro rams supplemented concentrate with Lablab purpureus fed grass hay. The experimental sheep were blocked into five blocks of five ...
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