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Identification and Evaluation of Fish Feed Ingredients in Supporting the Development of Different Feed Mills in Bangladesh
Mohammad Saydul Islam Sarkar,
Md. Simul Bhuyan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2018
Pages:
1-6
Received:
9 May 2018
Accepted:
24 May 2018
Published:
8 June 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.11
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Abstract: The present study was conducted to identify and evaluate the feed ingredients to promote the development of different feed mills in Bangladesh. Identified ingredients were maize, rice polish, rice bran, wheat, wheat dust, wheat flour, soyabean and soyabean meal, rapeseed meal, meat and bone meal, mustard cake, dry fish, lime stone/ground shell and salt. Samples were analyzed under microscope and using normal features of the ingredients found in all the ingredients. Maximum ingredients were in powder form except maize, wheat, fish meal, soybean meal, and some broken part of the rice. Soybean meal and fish meal were in crumble size. No urea was found. Fine particles, some cheaper fine materials, oyster shell, feather meal, rice hall and bran, some crumble stones, sand particles, and finely ground limestone or rock dust, soyabean hulls and stones from soyabean seeds were found during the investigation. A little number of rice bran was found mixed with rice polish. Rice polish were also slightly contaminated or adulterated by fibrous materials, hulls and husks. Some organic residues, part of vegetables and animal hair, meat fraction from bone, and feather from dry fish were also found. Homogeneity of ingredients was good and found no abnormality. Touch was done and rude fiber level was low and it would become like a solid mass. No abnormal color was found in the feed ingredients except some fade color in maize. During experiment there was no change in the normal smell of the ingredients. No bitter taste was found and ingredients were not mixed with salts. The dry ingredients spilling coins sound were found by pouring down or by biting to each other. Contamination level in the investigated feed ingredients was found up to 1.5 % which was very low and the ingredients were good in quality and swelling of maize, wheat and soyabean seeds were 14%, 14.29% and 15% respectively. In floatation test about 10% samples were floated and 90% samples were immersed during experiment.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to identify and evaluate the feed ingredients to promote the development of different feed mills in Bangladesh. Identified ingredients were maize, rice polish, rice bran, wheat, wheat dust, wheat flour, soyabean and soyabean meal, rapeseed meal, meat and bone meal, mustard cake, dry fish, lime stone/ground shell and ...
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Cytochrome Oxidase-I Gene Sequencing Approaches to Identification of Culex pipiens Complex Collected in Baljurashi Province, Saudi Arabia
Ehab Mohammed Abdella,
Tariq Saeed Alghamdi,
Khalid Mohammed Alghamdi,
Jazem Abdullah Mahyoub
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2018
Pages:
7-14
Received:
7 May 2018
Accepted:
28 May 2018
Published:
14 June 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.12
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Abstract: Some species of mosquitoes such as Culex pipiens complex are survive at different habitat conditions. They are considered of medically important vectors for some diseases, which causes a huge financial and medical problems to humans. From this point of view, species identification is the first step in the control of Culex pipiens complex. Previously identification of Culex pipiens complex is mainly done on the basis of a wide variety of morphological and biological characteristics. This can be difficult because diagnostic morphological features are often varied so little between species. So that in the present work, Culex species identification is performed by using DNA sequencing assay based on the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase-I (COX-I) gene. 56 mosquitoes specimens were collected from different infected areas in Baljurashi province, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia and grown for several generations in lab. COX-I gene amplification was carried out using the universal primers LCO1490 and HCO2198. Only 35 mosquito specimens had good amplified COXI target gene sequenced. These DNA sequences were compared with available sequences using basic alignment search tool in NCBI-Nucleotide database. Most of the examined specimens have high matching result in gene-bank with LC102132. However specimens T6, 8, 9, 15, 21, 45 & 51 have high similarity with JQ958371 Culex pipiens strain cf-3 and also specimen T35 has high similarity with KJ500032 Culex pipiens isolate 2AF. In conclusion, Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial COX-I gene can be used as molecular tool for identification of Culex species.
Abstract: Some species of mosquitoes such as Culex pipiens complex are survive at different habitat conditions. They are considered of medically important vectors for some diseases, which causes a huge financial and medical problems to humans. From this point of view, species identification is the first step in the control of Culex pipiens complex. Previousl...
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Preliminary Inventory of Squirrels (Sciuridae, Rodentia) of Kisangani Region in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Pascal Baelo,
Justin Asimonyio,
Nicaise Amundala,
Dudu Akaibe,
Sylvestre Gambalemoke,
Erik Verheyen,
Anne Laudisoit,
Gédéon Bongo,
Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2018
Pages:
15-19
Received:
3 May 2018
Accepted:
1 June 2018
Published:
3 July 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.13
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Abstract: Amongst small mammals, rodents are the largest order in terms of both species and population numbers. They have a high rate of reproduction, are cosmopolitan and have the ability to adapt to a wide variety of habitats. Several studies were carried out on myomorphic rodents in the Kisangani ecoregion, while those on sciuromorphic rodents are very scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the composition of the sciuromorph rodent population in the Kisangani ecoregion. This investigation was conducted in five stations of Kisangani and the sampling was performed between April 2014 and December 2016. The external morphometry method was used for species identification according to Kingdon and Schouteden. Using traditional traps, the trapping was done randomly and 75 specimens of squirrels were captured knowing that 75 traps were installed in each station. In total, the capture success was of 27750 night traps with a weak yield of 0.27%. The findings revealed that the highest rate of species was recorded in the Masako station with a capture success of 1.89% while the lowest in the Mombongo station with a capture success of 0.38%. The 75 specimens of squirrels captured belong to 4 genera and 7 species Masako and Yasikia stations presented a high specific richness (SR = 4) than other stations. Funisciurus anerythrus, Heliosciurus rufobrachium, Paraxerus boehmi are constant (C> 50%) and Funisciurus pyrropus, Protoxerus stangeri, Funisciurus bayonii, Funisciurus congicus are accessory taxa (25% F. bayonii and F. congicus.
Abstract: Amongst small mammals, rodents are the largest order in terms of both species and population numbers. They have a high rate of reproduction, are cosmopolitan and have the ability to adapt to a wide variety of habitats. Several studies were carried out on myomorphic rodents in the Kisangani ecoregion, while those on sciuromorphic rodents are very sc...
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Invertebrate (Araenae: Mygamolomorphae) Illegal Trade: An Ignored Side of Wildlife Trafficking
Ana Teresa Meireles Caldas,
Marcelo Alves Dias,
Marcelo Peres
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2018
Pages:
20-23
Received:
10 May 2018
Accepted:
8 June 2018
Published:
30 July 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.14
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Abstract: Wildlife trafficking is in the top five of the most successful illegal activities now a days and one of the main responsible for biodiversity lost around the world. According to researches there are four categories that encourage wildlife market: animals to zoos and private collectors, for scientific purposes/ biopiracy, for pet shops and animals as products and subproducts. Although the very low focus on invertebrate trades, more specifically in spiders, they are a big source of money in biopiracy and sales to private collectors. Therefore, the purpose of this work it was registered a trafficking case of a recent described specie of tarantula in northeast region of Bahia, Brazil as well as the impacts of it on lost and knowledge of local biodiversity. Also brings the occurrence of a possible disease still without diagnosis or specific causes in one of the individuals of this apprehension. Fifty-two specimens of Pachistopelma bromelicola were seized by IBAMA being transported inside matchboxes in precarious conditions to be sold in Slovakia, Europe. After the apprehension, the samples were taken to the Animal Ecology and Conservation Centre (ECOA) in Catholic University of Salvador where they were kept in environmental enrichment places close to natural conditions being monitored daily considering specially behavior and health. Even though the good conditions provided only 13% of the samples survived, despite seem a low number, this was a high value if compares with IBAMA’s index of apprehended animal’s survival. Despite the substantial biodiversity in Brazil, the continuous withdrawal of wild animals added to the impossibility of returning the rescued animals to the natural environment can cause in a few years a huge ecological, economic and social damage in the country, also bringing irreparable consequences for local fauna.
Abstract: Wildlife trafficking is in the top five of the most successful illegal activities now a days and one of the main responsible for biodiversity lost around the world. According to researches there are four categories that encourage wildlife market: animals to zoos and private collectors, for scientific purposes/ biopiracy, for pet shops and animals a...
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DNA Extraction and PCR Detection of G.Lamblia Cyst from Human Fecal Samples in Some Sudanese Suspected Patients
Anas Mahadi Elnazeer,
Abdallha Elssir,
Rihab Ali Omer,
Mubark Mustafa,
Khitma Hassan Elmalik
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, September 2018
Pages:
24-27
Received:
20 May 2018
Accepted:
1 August 2018
Published:
28 August 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20180101.15
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Abstract: The study aim to evaluate guanidine hydrochloride (HCL) as DNA extraction method from Giardia Cyst in human fecal samples and PCR detection using triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Atotal of 30positive fecal samples of Giardia were collected from Hospitals and health centers from three states of Sudan (Khartoum, Gazeira and Sennar) during the periods from June to September 2017 by Convenient sampling method the samp!es were purifid in Phosphate buffer saline , treated with Liquid Nitrogen and boiling, then guanidine hydrochloride method was used for DNA extraction 1ml of sample added to 1ml lysis buffer ,1ml guanidine hydrochloride , 300µl ammonium acetate, and 10µl proteinase K and incubated in 37 C over night, DNA was harvested, confirmed and evaluated by Nanodrops can, and spectrophotometr for concentration, then followed by PCR detection, using ready prepared commercial product (Maxime PCRPriMex (i-Taq 20µl) Macro gene Company, Korea). In the reaction 1.5µl forwards and 1.5µl reverse primer were add to 5µl DNA template and complete the volume to 20µl with sterile D. W. the reaction was conducted in 94°C for 5min as initial temperature 94°C for 30 sec, 55°C for 45 sec, 72°C for 2min, 72°C for The result found that DNA concentration was 34.5000±2.1213ng/m 62.4000±0.56569ng/ml 4.6800±1.46803ng/ml for Khartoum, Sennar, and Gazeira states while PCR only 5samples were+ve 2 (20%) samples Khartoum and 3 (30%) samples Sennar states but no+ve PCR result in Gazeira state. which confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis,the sdudy conclude that chemical methods of DNA extraction for examples guanidine HCL is not less effective than other, and PCR it is high sensitive to inhibitors. Also it is possible to obtain DNA from G.cyst after treated with heat and liquid nitrogen.
Abstract: The study aim to evaluate guanidine hydrochloride (HCL) as DNA extraction method from Giardia Cyst in human fecal samples and PCR detection using triose phosphate isomerase gene (tpi). Atotal of 30positive fecal samples of Giardia were collected from Hospitals and health centers from three states of Sudan (Khartoum, Gazeira and Sennar) during the p...
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